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Nuclide Mixtures NG1 to NG6
Seven different mixtures of radionuclides for calibrating high resolution gamma-ray spectrometers are offered. The radionuclides are recommended by NIST (USA) and PTB (Germany) and cover the energy range 46-1836keV. The solutions are calibrated in our DAkkS accredited measurement laboratory and are traceable to national standards world-wide, including the USA, France, Germany and the UK.
To ensure the highest accuracy and consistency possible, each radionuclide in the mixture is individually assayed. The mixed solutions are prepared by gravimetric dispensing and then checked by high resolution gamma-ray spectrometry. For high sensitivity, gamma-ray emitting impurities are determined by high resolution gamma-ray spectroscopy of each individual radionuclide in the mixture. Some radionuclides are also checked by radiochemical analysis. The final mixture is then checked for cross-contamination.
In addition to the principal gamma rays shown on the certificate of calibration, several low intensity photopeaks may be observed in the spectrum. The most significant are shown in the table below.
Energy [keV] | Origin |
---|---|
1325 | Escape peak from 1836keV peak of Y-88 |
814 | Double escape peak from 1836keV peak of Y-88 |
511 | Annihilation radiation from positron decay of Y-88 (may not be resolved from the 514keV peak from Sr-85) |
225 | From decay of Sn-113 |
136 | From decay of Co-57 |
80-90 | X-rays from decay of Hg-203 |
2506 | Sum peak from the decay of Co-60 (1173+1333keV) |
2734 | From decay of Y-88 |
161, 223 | From decay of Ba-133 |
437 | Sum peak from Ba-133 (356+81keV) |
The seven mixtures can be used for the energy ranges shown below.
NG1 – Energy Range: 80keV – 1836keV
Standard Activity Aliquot: 44kBq
Nuclides and approx. activities:
Ba-133 | 2 kBq | Mn-54 | 4 kBq | |
Ce-139 | 2 kBq | Sr-85 | 10 kBq | |
Co-57 | 2 kBq | Y-88 | 10 kBq | |
Cs-137 | 4 kBq | Zn-65 | 10 kBq |
Reference Dates: 1st January, 1st April, 1st July, 1st October
Notes: The half lives of the component radio-nuclides are relatively long (shortest is 65 days, Sr-85). At close source-detector distances, summation effects become important.
NG2 – Energy Range: 88keV – 1836keV
Standard Activity Aliquot: 37kBq
Nuclides and approx. activities:
Cd-109 | 15,6 kBq | Hg-203 | 2,2 kBq | |
Ce-139 | 0,8 kBq | Sn-113 | 2,8 kBq | |
Co-57 | 0,6 kBq | Sr-85 | 3,6 kBq | |
Co-60 | 3 kBq | Y-88 | 5,8 kBq | |
Cs-137 | 2,6 kBq |
Reference Dates: 1st March, 1st June, 1st September, 1st December
Notes: The shortest half life is 47 days (Hg-203). The Hg should be precipitated as a sulphide if the solution is dried, to avoid loss of the radioactivity. Summation effects are less important than for NG1.
NG3 – Energy Range: 60keV – 1836keV
Standard Activity Aliquot: 40kBq
Nuclides and approx. activities:
Am-241 | 3,4 kBq | Cs-137 | 2,6 kBq | |
Cd-109 | 15,4 kBq | Hg-203 | 2,2 kBq | |
Ce-139 | 0,8 kBq | Sn-113 | 2,7 kBq | |
Co-57 | 0,6 kBq | Sr-85 | 3,6 kBq | |
Co-60 | 3 kBq | Y-88 | 5,7 kBq |
Reference Dates: 1st March, 1st June, 1st September, 1st December
Notes: As NG2, but extends the calibration down to 60keV.
NG4 – Energy Range: 46keV – 136keV
Standard Activity Aliquot: 46kBq
Nuclides and approx. activities:
Am-241 | 4 kBq | Co-57 | 2 kBq | |
Cd-109 | 20 kBq | Pb-210 | 20 kBq |
Reference Dates: 1st January, 1st July
Notes: Intended for low energy calibration only (46-136keV).
NG5 – Energy Range: 88keV – 1836keV
Standard Activity Aliquot: 69kBq
Nuclides and approx. activities:
Cd-109 | 17,1 kBq | Cs-137 | 2,8 kBq | |
Ce-139 | 0,8 kBq | Sn-113 | 3 kBq | |
Co-57 | 0,6 kBq | Sr-85 | 4 kBq | |
Co-60 | 3,4 kBq | Y-88 | 6,6 kBq | |
Cr-51 | 30,7 kBq |
Reference Dates: 1st March, 1st June, 1st September, 1st December
Notes: The shortest half life is 28 days (Cr-51).Preparation of solid standards is easier than for NG2 and NG3, as the Cr-51 replaces the Hg-203.
NG6 – Energy Range: 60keV – 1836keV
Standard Activity Aliquot: 72kBq
Nuclides and approx. activities:
Am-241 | 3,4 kBq | Cr-51 | 30,4 kBq | |
Cd-109 | 17 kBq | Cs-137 | 2,8 kBq | |
Ce-139 | 0,8 kBq | Sn-113 | 3 kBq | |
Co-57 | 0,6 kBq | Sr-85 | 4 kBq | |
Co-60 | 3,4 kBq | Y-88 | 6,6 kBq |
Reference Dates: 1st March, 1st June, 1st September, 1st December
Notes: As NG5, but extends the calibration down to 60keV.
NG7 – Energy Range: 60keV – 1836keV
Standard Activity Aliquot: 49kBq
Nuclides and approx. activities:
Am-241 | 3,4 kBq | Hg-203 | 2,2 kBq | |
Cd-109 | 15,5 kBq | Mn-54 | 2,8 kBq | |
Ce-139 | 0,8 kBq | Sn-113 | 2,7 kBq | |
Co-57 | 0,6 kBq | Sr-85 | 3,6 kBq | |
Co-60 | 3 kBq | Y-88 | 5,8 kBq | |
Cs-137 | 2,6 kBq | Zn-65 | 6 kBq |
Reference Dates: 1st March, 1st June, 1st September, 1st December
Notes: As NG3, but with Mn-54 and Zn-65 for high accuracy calibration.
7500 and 7600 Nuclide Mixtures
The nine-nuclide gamma standard, routinely used to establish efficiency curves for gamma spectrometers, covers an energy range from 88 keV to 1836 keV. As options, Am-241 and/ or Pb-210 can be added to extend the calibration curve down to 60 keV and 46 keV respectively.
Two nine-nuclide gamma standards are offered:
– Series 7500 contains Te-123m and Cr-51 for those customers who require a non-mercury containing standard.
– Series 7600 contains Hg-203 and Ce-139.
Please note that Hg-203 may leach out from polyethylene containers and may contaminate the entire container. Proper handling techniques must be observed. The component nuclides of each series have been chosen to minimize peak interference, and the activity ratios have been selected to yield similar count rates in all major peaks on typical coaxial germanium detectors. These mixed nuclide sources are calibrated, traceable to NIST or with DAkkS certificate. They are prepared gravimetrically from calibrated solutions and then confirmed using a high purity germanium detector to ensure the highest possible quality.
7500ML – Energy Range: 88keV – 1836keV
Standard Activity Aliquot: 37kBq
Nuclides and approx. activities:
Cd-109 | 10,6 kBq | Sn-113 | 1,92 kBq | |
Co-57 | 0,406 kBq | Sr-85 | 2,44 kBq | |
Co-60 | 2,07 kBq | Te-123m | 0,518 kBq | |
Cr-51 | 13,2 kBq | Y-88 | 4,03 kBq | |
Cs-137 | 1,78 kBq |
Reference Dates: 1st February, 1st April, 1st June, 1st August, 1st October, 1st December
7501ML – Energy Range: 60keV – 1836keV
Standard Activity Aliquot: 38,1kBq
Nuclides and approx. activities:
Am-241 | 1,11 kBq | Cs-137 | 1,78 kBq | |
Cd-109 | 10,6 kBq | Sn-113 | 1,92 kBq | |
Co-57 | 0,406 kBq | Sr-85 | 2,44 kBq | |
Co-60 | 2,07 kBq | Te-123m | 0,518 kBq | |
Cr-51 | 13,2 kBq | Y-88 | 4,03 kBq |
Reference Dates: 1st February, 1st April, 1st June, 1st August, 1st October, 1st December
7502ML – Energy Range: 46keV – 1836keV
Standard Activity Aliquot: 48,1kBq
Nuclides and approx. activities:
Cd-109 | 10,6 kBq | Pb-210 | 11,1 kBq | |
Co-57 | 0,406 kBq | Sn-113 | 1,92 kBq | |
Co-60 | 2,07 kBq | Sr-85 | 2,44 kBq | |
Cr-51 | 13,2 kBq | Te-123m | 0,518 kBq | |
Cs-137 | 1,78 kBq | Y-88 | 4,03 kBq |
Reference Dates: 1st February, 1st April, 1st June, 1st August, 1st October, 1st December
7503ML – Energy Range: 46keV – 1836keV
Standard Activity Aliquot: 49,2kBq
Nuclides and approx. activities:
Am-241 | 1,11 kBq | Pb-210 | 11,1 kBq | |
Cd-109 | 10,6 kBq | Sn-113 | 1,92 kBq | |
Co-57 | 0,406 kBq | Sr-85 | 2,44 kBq | |
Co-60 | 2,07 kBq | Te-123m | 0,518 kBq | |
Cr-51 | 13,2 kBq | Y-88 | 4,03 kBq | |
Cs-137 | 1,78 kBq |
Reference Dates: 1st February, 1st April, 1st June, 1st August, 1st October, 1st December
7601ML – Energy Range: 60keV – 1836keV
Standard Activity Aliquot: 38,1kBq
Nuclides and approx. activities:
Am-241 | 1,11 kBq | Cs-137 | 2,59 kBq | |
Cd-109 | 15,5 kBq | Hg-203 | 2,22 kBq | |
Ce-139 | 0,74 kBq | Sn-113 | 2,81 kBq | |
Co-57 | 0,592 kBq | Sr-85 | 3,55 kBq | |
Co-60 | 3,03 kBq | Y-88 | 5,92 kBq |
Reference Dates: 1st February, 1st April, 1st June, 1st August, 1st October, 1st December
7602ML – Energy Range: 46keV – 1836keV
Standard Activity Aliquot: 48,1kBq
Nuclides and approx. activities:
Cd-109 | 15,5 kBq | Hg-203 | 2,22 kBq | |
Ce-139 | 0,74 kBq | Pb-210 | 11,1 kBq | |
Co-57 | 0,592 kBq | Sn-113 | 2,81 kBq | |
Co-60 | 3,03 kBq | Sr-85 | 3,55 kBq | |
Cs-137 | 2,59 kBq | Y-88 | 5,92 kBq |
Reference Dates: 1st February, 1st April, 1st June, 1st August, 1st October, 1st December
7603ML – Energy Range: 46keV – 1836keV
Standard Activity Aliquot: 49,2kBq
Nuclides and approx. activities:
Am-241 | 1,11 kBq | Hg-203 | 2,22 kBq | |
Cd-109 | 15,5 kBq | Pb-210 | 11,1 kBq | |
Ce-139 | 0,74 kBq | Sn-113 | 2,81 kBq | |
Co-57 | 0,592 kBq | Sr-85 | 3,55 kBq | |
Co-60 | 3,03 kBq | Y-88 | 5,92 kBq | |
Cs-137 | 2,59 kBq |
Reference Dates: 1st February, 1st April, 1st June, 1st August, 1st October, 1st December